Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO

Anahita Araghi; Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11

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Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO

Anahita Araghi, Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 5)

Received: 6 October 2018 Accepted: 26 October 2018 Published: 26 November 2018

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Abstract

Focused research and standardization work in wireless throughput, subscribers will increase day by day. One can prospect that, millions of users in a mega city will want to transmit and receive data, for instance, 100 megabits per second per user. Massive MIMO (Large Scale Antenna Systems) is a new technology which will be used for resolving the mentioned issue. Spectral efficiency improvements over fourth generation (4G) technology are frequently mentioned. Adding more antennas is always beneficial for increased throughput, reduced radiated power, increase the capacity everywhere in the cell and greater simplicity in signal processing. In these days the main problem is RF interference and noise which can be generated by almost any device that produces an electro-magnetic signal, such as cordless phones to Bluetooth headsets, microwave ovens, repeaters and even smart phones, which is caused call drop and bad quality in the network. In this article, the Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the value of mean capacity in the Non-cooperative cellular wireless have been increased by using infinite number of base station antennas. While employing advanced features, this is illustrated by network densification, Multi-cell Multi-User MIMO and inter cell interference mitigation techniques. The propagation model is not clear for both terminals and base stations which is calculated taking in to consideration path loss, specular reflection, environment models, earth’s elevation, fast fading, log-normal shadowing fading and geometric attenuation. The conjugate transpose of the channel estimation is used for forward and reverse precoding. Numerical results show that, by using unlimited number of antennas in the base station, the inter-cell interference, the effect of uncorrelated noise and fast fading have been vanished, although the inter-cell interference that caused by reuse of the pilot sequence in other cells does not disappear. And also average capacity improves with increment of base station antennas. In this study, MATLAB based simulation tool has been developed to calculate the SIR and also the mean capacity.

Published in	Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11
Page(s)	120-128
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pilot Pollution, Multi-cell Multi-user, Multiple-Output and Multiple-Input, MIMO, SIR, SINR, MATLAB

References

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[2]	Dahlman, Erik, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Skold, and Per Beming. 3G evolution: HSPA and LTE for mobile broadband. Academic press, 2010.
[3]	Foschini, Gerard J. "Layered space‐time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi‐element antennas." Bell labs technical journal 1, no. 2 (1996): 41-59.
[4]	Gesbert, David, Marios Kountouris, Robert W. Heath, Chan-Byoung Chae, and T. Salzer. "From single user to multiuser communications: Shifting the MIMO paradigm." IEEE signal processing magazine 24, no. 5 (2007): 36-46.
[5]	Golden, G. D., C. J. Foschini, Reinaldo A. Valenzuela, and P. W. Wolniansky. "Detection algorithm and initial laboratory results using V-BLAST space-time communication architecture." Electronics letters 35, no. 1 (1999): 14-16
[6]	Goldsmith, Andrea, Syed Ali Jafar, Nihar Jindal, and Sriram Vishwanath. "Capacity limits of MIMO channels." IEEE Journal on selected areas in Communications 21, no. 5 (2003): 684-702.
[7]	Jungnickel, Volker, Konstantinos Manolakis, Wolfgang Zirwas, Berthold Panzner, Volker Braun, Moritz Lossow, Mikael Sternad, Rikke Apelfrojd, and Tommy Svensson. "The role of small cells, coordinated multipoint, and massive MIMO in 5G." IEEE Communications Magazine 52, no. 5 (2014): 44-51.
[8]	Koo, Bon-Hong, Changmin Lee, H. Birkan Yilmaz, Nariman Farsad, Andrew Eckford, and Chan-Byoung Chae. "Molecular MIMO: From theory to prototype." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 34, no. 3 (2016): 600-614.
[9]	Li, Ang, and Christos Masouros. "Exploiting constructive mutual coupling in P2P MIMO by analog-digital phase alignment." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications16, no. 3 (2017): 1948-1962.
[10]	Ngo, Hien Quoc, Erik G. Larsson, and Thomas L. Marzetta. "The multicell multiuser MIMO uplink with very large antenna arrays and a finite-dimensional channel." IEEE Transactions on Communications 61, no. 6 (2013): 2350-2361.
[11]	Paulraj; Arogyaswami J. (Palo Alto, CA), Kailath; Thomas (Stanford, CA); United States Patent; No. 07/839,624; 1992.
[12]	Marzetta, Thomas L. "Noncooperative cellular wireless with unlimited numbers of base station antennas." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9, no. 11 (2010): 3590-3600.
[13]	Raleigh, Gregory G., and John M. Cioffi. "Spatio-temporal coding for wireless communication." IEEE Transactions on communications 46, no. 3 (1998): 357-366.
[14]	Vishwanath, Sriram, Nihar Jindal, and Andrea Goldsmith. "Duality, achievable rates, and sum-rate capacity of Gaussian MIMO broadcast channels." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 49, no. 10 (2003): 2658-2668.
[15]	Viswanath, Pramod, and David N. C. Tse. "Sum capacity of the vector Gaussian broadcast channel and uplink-downlink duality." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 49, no. 8 (2003): 1912-1921.
[16]	Wang, Dongming, Chen Ji, Xiqi Gao, Shaohui Sun, and Xiaohu You. "Uplink sum-rate analysis of multi-cell multi-user massive MIMO system." In Communications (ICC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 5404-5408. IEEE, 2013.

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APA Style

Anahita Araghi, Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor. (2018). Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 6(5), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11

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ACS Style

Anahita Araghi; Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor. Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2018, 6(5), 120-128. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11

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AMA Style

Anahita Araghi, Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor. Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO. J Electr Electron Eng. 2018;6(5):120-128. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11,
  author = {Anahita Araghi and Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor},
  title = {Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {120-128},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20180605.11},
  abstract = {Focused research and standardization work in wireless throughput, subscribers will increase day by day. One can prospect that, millions of users in a mega city will want to transmit and receive data, for instance, 100 megabits per second per user. Massive MIMO (Large Scale Antenna Systems) is a new technology which will be used for resolving the mentioned issue. Spectral efficiency improvements over fourth generation (4G) technology are frequently mentioned. Adding more antennas is always beneficial for increased throughput, reduced radiated power, increase the capacity everywhere in the cell and greater simplicity in signal processing. In these days the main problem is RF interference and noise which can be generated by almost any device that produces an electro-magnetic signal, such as cordless phones to Bluetooth headsets, microwave ovens, repeaters and even smart phones, which is caused call drop and bad quality in the network. In this article, the Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the value of mean capacity in the Non-cooperative cellular wireless have been increased by using infinite number of base station antennas. While employing advanced features, this is illustrated by network densification, Multi-cell Multi-User MIMO and inter cell interference mitigation techniques. The propagation model is not clear for both terminals and base stations which is calculated taking in to consideration path loss, specular reflection, environment models, earth’s elevation, fast fading, log-normal shadowing fading and geometric attenuation. The conjugate transpose of the channel estimation is used for forward and reverse precoding. Numerical results show that, by using unlimited number of antennas in the base station, the inter-cell interference, the effect of uncorrelated noise and fast fading have been vanished, although the inter-cell interference that caused by reuse of the pilot sequence in other cells does not disappear. And also average capacity improves with increment of base station antennas. In this study, MATLAB based simulation tool has been developed to calculate the SIR and also the mean capacity.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO
AU  - Anahita Araghi
AU  - Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor
Y1  - 2018/11/26
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 120
EP  - 128
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11
AB  - Focused research and standardization work in wireless throughput, subscribers will increase day by day. One can prospect that, millions of users in a mega city will want to transmit and receive data, for instance, 100 megabits per second per user. Massive MIMO (Large Scale Antenna Systems) is a new technology which will be used for resolving the mentioned issue. Spectral efficiency improvements over fourth generation (4G) technology are frequently mentioned. Adding more antennas is always beneficial for increased throughput, reduced radiated power, increase the capacity everywhere in the cell and greater simplicity in signal processing. In these days the main problem is RF interference and noise which can be generated by almost any device that produces an electro-magnetic signal, such as cordless phones to Bluetooth headsets, microwave ovens, repeaters and even smart phones, which is caused call drop and bad quality in the network. In this article, the Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the value of mean capacity in the Non-cooperative cellular wireless have been increased by using infinite number of base station antennas. While employing advanced features, this is illustrated by network densification, Multi-cell Multi-User MIMO and inter cell interference mitigation techniques. The propagation model is not clear for both terminals and base stations which is calculated taking in to consideration path loss, specular reflection, environment models, earth’s elevation, fast fading, log-normal shadowing fading and geometric attenuation. The conjugate transpose of the channel estimation is used for forward and reverse precoding. Numerical results show that, by using unlimited number of antennas in the base station, the inter-cell interference, the effect of uncorrelated noise and fast fading have been vanished, although the inter-cell interference that caused by reuse of the pilot sequence in other cells does not disappear. And also average capacity improves with increment of base station antennas. In this study, MATLAB based simulation tool has been developed to calculate the SIR and also the mean capacity.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Anahita Araghi

Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor

Department of Progress Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran

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APA Style

Anahita Araghi, Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor. (2018). Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 6(5), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11

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ACS Style

Anahita Araghi; Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor. Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2018, 6(5), 120-128. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11

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AMA Style

Anahita Araghi, Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor. Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO. J Electr Electron Eng. 2018;6(5):120-128. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11,
  author = {Anahita Araghi and Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor},
  title = {Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO},
  journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {120-128},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20180605.11},
  abstract = {Focused research and standardization work in wireless throughput, subscribers will increase day by day. One can prospect that, millions of users in a mega city will want to transmit and receive data, for instance, 100 megabits per second per user. Massive MIMO (Large Scale Antenna Systems) is a new technology which will be used for resolving the mentioned issue. Spectral efficiency improvements over fourth generation (4G) technology are frequently mentioned. Adding more antennas is always beneficial for increased throughput, reduced radiated power, increase the capacity everywhere in the cell and greater simplicity in signal processing. In these days the main problem is RF interference and noise which can be generated by almost any device that produces an electro-magnetic signal, such as cordless phones to Bluetooth headsets, microwave ovens, repeaters and even smart phones, which is caused call drop and bad quality in the network. In this article, the Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the value of mean capacity in the Non-cooperative cellular wireless have been increased by using infinite number of base station antennas. While employing advanced features, this is illustrated by network densification, Multi-cell Multi-User MIMO and inter cell interference mitigation techniques. The propagation model is not clear for both terminals and base stations which is calculated taking in to consideration path loss, specular reflection, environment models, earth’s elevation, fast fading, log-normal shadowing fading and geometric attenuation. The conjugate transpose of the channel estimation is used for forward and reverse precoding. Numerical results show that, by using unlimited number of antennas in the base station, the inter-cell interference, the effect of uncorrelated noise and fast fading have been vanished, although the inter-cell interference that caused by reuse of the pilot sequence in other cells does not disappear. And also average capacity improves with increment of base station antennas. In this study, MATLAB based simulation tool has been developed to calculate the SIR and also the mean capacity.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Pilot Pollution Problem for Multi-Cell Multi-User MIMO
AU  - Anahita Araghi
AU  - Mehran Mehran Pasebanpoor
Y1  - 2018/11/26
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11
T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
SP  - 120
EP  - 128
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1605
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20180605.11
AB  - Focused research and standardization work in wireless throughput, subscribers will increase day by day. One can prospect that, millions of users in a mega city will want to transmit and receive data, for instance, 100 megabits per second per user. Massive MIMO (Large Scale Antenna Systems) is a new technology which will be used for resolving the mentioned issue. Spectral efficiency improvements over fourth generation (4G) technology are frequently mentioned. Adding more antennas is always beneficial for increased throughput, reduced radiated power, increase the capacity everywhere in the cell and greater simplicity in signal processing. In these days the main problem is RF interference and noise which can be generated by almost any device that produces an electro-magnetic signal, such as cordless phones to Bluetooth headsets, microwave ovens, repeaters and even smart phones, which is caused call drop and bad quality in the network. In this article, the Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the value of mean capacity in the Non-cooperative cellular wireless have been increased by using infinite number of base station antennas. While employing advanced features, this is illustrated by network densification, Multi-cell Multi-User MIMO and inter cell interference mitigation techniques. The propagation model is not clear for both terminals and base stations which is calculated taking in to consideration path loss, specular reflection, environment models, earth’s elevation, fast fading, log-normal shadowing fading and geometric attenuation. The conjugate transpose of the channel estimation is used for forward and reverse precoding. Numerical results show that, by using unlimited number of antennas in the base station, the inter-cell interference, the effect of uncorrelated noise and fast fading have been vanished, although the inter-cell interference that caused by reuse of the pilot sequence in other cells does not disappear. And also average capacity improves with increment of base station antennas. In this study, MATLAB based simulation tool has been developed to calculate the SIR and also the mean capacity.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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