Background: TB-related stigma is a barrier to ending TB. Because of stigma, patients with TB can be delayed in seeking treatment, receiving a diagnosis, initiating and completing treatment, and consequently increasing the transmission of the disease within a community. Information regarding the magnitude and consequences of TB-related stigma in Tanzania are generally missing in our setting. The study aimed to generate such information to inform the planning and implementation of TB-related stigma reduction strategies. Methods: Between September 2021 and February 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data on TB-related stigma among people with or who had TB (PWTB) in five regions of Tanzania. The survey utilized adapted structured questionnaires developed by the Stop TB Partnership. Data collection was carried out through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and the results were presented in tables. Results: The study recruited a total of 418 PWTB, with 276 (66%) being male and 86 (18.4%) having TB-HIV co-infection. Among the participants, 86 PWTB (20.6%) reported experiencing stigma due to their TB status. The most common settings where PWTB encountered stigma were within their families (50%), communities (36%), and workplaces (10%). Delays in seeking care (16.7%), obtaining an accurate diagnosis (15%), and initiating treatment (27%) were identified as the most common consequences associated with TB-related stigma. Participants' region, age, education level, and type of TB were factors significantly associated with experiencing TB-related stigma. Conclusion: This study revealed a moderate level of TB-related stigma experienced by TB patients, primarily originating from family members, neighbors, and co-workers. Furthermore, the findings emphasized the impact of TB-related stigma on the delay in seeking medical care for TB diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this study highlights the need for the prompt inclusion of TB stigma reduction strategies in the TB prevention and control program in Tanzania.
| Published in | European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 11, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11 |
| Page(s) | 82-89 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Tuberculosis, Stigma, Magnitude, Consequences, Tanzania
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APA Style
Paul Kapyolo, E., Deogratius Muhandiki, W., Gabriel Mabega, N., Eliaimringi Matemba, L., Phares Mwing’a, G., et al. (2023). Magnitude and Consequences of TB-Related Stigma Experienced by People with Tuberculosis in Tanzania. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 11(6), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11
ACS Style
Paul Kapyolo, E.; Deogratius Muhandiki, W.; Gabriel Mabega, N.; Eliaimringi Matemba, L.; Phares Mwing’a, G., et al. Magnitude and Consequences of TB-Related Stigma Experienced by People with Tuberculosis in Tanzania. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2023, 11(6), 82-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11
AMA Style
Paul Kapyolo E, Deogratius Muhandiki W, Gabriel Mabega N, Eliaimringi Matemba L, Phares Mwing’a G, et al. Magnitude and Consequences of TB-Related Stigma Experienced by People with Tuberculosis in Tanzania. Eur J Prev Med. 2023;11(6):82-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11
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author = {Eliakimu Paul Kapyolo and Wilbard Deogratius Muhandiki and Ndakibae Gabriel Mabega and Lucas Eliaimringi Matemba and Gerald Phares Mwing’a and Petro Michael Mnyagatwa and Oscar Leonard Kaswaga and Hamimu Omary Kigumi and Emmanuel Heriel Matechi and Onay Godson Lwanzali and Riziki Michael Kisonga and Mangi Job Ezekiel},
title = {Magnitude and Consequences of TB-Related Stigma Experienced by People with Tuberculosis in Tanzania},
journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {82-89},
doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20231106.11},
abstract = {Background: TB-related stigma is a barrier to ending TB. Because of stigma, patients with TB can be delayed in seeking treatment, receiving a diagnosis, initiating and completing treatment, and consequently increasing the transmission of the disease within a community. Information regarding the magnitude and consequences of TB-related stigma in Tanzania are generally missing in our setting. The study aimed to generate such information to inform the planning and implementation of TB-related stigma reduction strategies. Methods: Between September 2021 and February 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data on TB-related stigma among people with or who had TB (PWTB) in five regions of Tanzania. The survey utilized adapted structured questionnaires developed by the Stop TB Partnership. Data collection was carried out through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and the results were presented in tables. Results: The study recruited a total of 418 PWTB, with 276 (66%) being male and 86 (18.4%) having TB-HIV co-infection. Among the participants, 86 PWTB (20.6%) reported experiencing stigma due to their TB status. The most common settings where PWTB encountered stigma were within their families (50%), communities (36%), and workplaces (10%). Delays in seeking care (16.7%), obtaining an accurate diagnosis (15%), and initiating treatment (27%) were identified as the most common consequences associated with TB-related stigma. Participants' region, age, education level, and type of TB were factors significantly associated with experiencing TB-related stigma. Conclusion: This study revealed a moderate level of TB-related stigma experienced by TB patients, primarily originating from family members, neighbors, and co-workers. Furthermore, the findings emphasized the impact of TB-related stigma on the delay in seeking medical care for TB diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this study highlights the need for the prompt inclusion of TB stigma reduction strategies in the TB prevention and control program in Tanzania.
},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Magnitude and Consequences of TB-Related Stigma Experienced by People with Tuberculosis in Tanzania AU - Eliakimu Paul Kapyolo AU - Wilbard Deogratius Muhandiki AU - Ndakibae Gabriel Mabega AU - Lucas Eliaimringi Matemba AU - Gerald Phares Mwing’a AU - Petro Michael Mnyagatwa AU - Oscar Leonard Kaswaga AU - Hamimu Omary Kigumi AU - Emmanuel Heriel Matechi AU - Onay Godson Lwanzali AU - Riziki Michael Kisonga AU - Mangi Job Ezekiel Y1 - 2023/12/11 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11 T2 - European Journal of Preventive Medicine JF - European Journal of Preventive Medicine JO - European Journal of Preventive Medicine SP - 82 EP - 89 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8230 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20231106.11 AB - Background: TB-related stigma is a barrier to ending TB. Because of stigma, patients with TB can be delayed in seeking treatment, receiving a diagnosis, initiating and completing treatment, and consequently increasing the transmission of the disease within a community. Information regarding the magnitude and consequences of TB-related stigma in Tanzania are generally missing in our setting. The study aimed to generate such information to inform the planning and implementation of TB-related stigma reduction strategies. Methods: Between September 2021 and February 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data on TB-related stigma among people with or who had TB (PWTB) in five regions of Tanzania. The survey utilized adapted structured questionnaires developed by the Stop TB Partnership. Data collection was carried out through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and the results were presented in tables. Results: The study recruited a total of 418 PWTB, with 276 (66%) being male and 86 (18.4%) having TB-HIV co-infection. Among the participants, 86 PWTB (20.6%) reported experiencing stigma due to their TB status. The most common settings where PWTB encountered stigma were within their families (50%), communities (36%), and workplaces (10%). Delays in seeking care (16.7%), obtaining an accurate diagnosis (15%), and initiating treatment (27%) were identified as the most common consequences associated with TB-related stigma. Participants' region, age, education level, and type of TB were factors significantly associated with experiencing TB-related stigma. Conclusion: This study revealed a moderate level of TB-related stigma experienced by TB patients, primarily originating from family members, neighbors, and co-workers. Furthermore, the findings emphasized the impact of TB-related stigma on the delay in seeking medical care for TB diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this study highlights the need for the prompt inclusion of TB stigma reduction strategies in the TB prevention and control program in Tanzania. VL - 11 IS - 6 ER -
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma Medical Research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Research and Consultancy, Geita Health Training Institutes, Geita, Tanzania
Department of Health Research Information and Regulatory Affairs, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma Medical Research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma Medical Research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma Medical Research Centre, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Preventive Services, Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
Department of Behavioral Science, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
