The rubber kernel is rich in nutrients. But its toxicity due to hydrocyanic acid is a problem for its use in food. This bitter almond contains a high concentration of cyanide (2712.4 mg/kg). Its extracts are therefore declared not to comply with the recommendations of the food standards. However, the rubber plantations in Côte d'Ivoire provide a large quantity of seeds, and only 10% of these seeds are used to make plants. The remaining 90% is left in the plantations, which represents an annual production of about 75,000 to 100,000 tons of rubber seeds to be used in Ivorian rubber farming. It is in this context that the cyanogenetic study of the kernel was conducted. The evaluation of the total and free cyanide content of the extracts during operations such as: solar drying of the seeds and kernels in an oven, optimization of the biochemical hydrolysis of cyanoglycosides and roasting of the crushed material, made it possible to develop the present process for detoxifying the extracts from the kernel, particularly the oil and the cake. The residual hydrocyanic acid content decreased from 2712.4mg/kg to 0.38mg/kg (<35mg/Kg), as recommended by the standards for cyanogenic almonds. The rubber tree oil produced had an essential fatty acid profile of 30.9% omega 6 and 6.2% omega 3. And the study of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the oil produced was carried out with the aim of valorising the rubber seeds in the food and cosmetic field. The absence of deaths and clinical signs observed would indicate that the oil produced by this process is not toxic at the high dose of 2000mg/kg. Pc and at the dose of 5000mg/kg. Pc. Evaluation of chronic administration of the extract on relative organ weights and determination of biochemical parameters such as urea; creatine (CREA); alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity reveal that the oil does not contain toxic substances that would contribute to disrupting the integrity of liver tissue. The evaluation of the chemical and biological properties reveals that, after being detoxified into cyanides, rubber tree oil can be used in food or in cosmetics.
| Published in | American Journal of BioScience (Volume 10, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16 |
| Page(s) | 220-229 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Detoxification, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Total Cyanides, Acute Toxicity, Subacute Toxicity, Rubber Oil
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APA Style
Bamba Soualiho, Jean-Claude N'Guessan Yao, Kouadio Kouakou John, Kanate Losseyni, Adima Amissa Augustin. (2022). Evaluation of the Chemical and Biological Properties of Oil Extracted from Detoxified Rubber Tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) Kernels. American Journal of BioScience, 10(6), 220-229. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16
ACS Style
Bamba Soualiho; Jean-Claude N'Guessan Yao; Kouadio Kouakou John; Kanate Losseyni; Adima Amissa Augustin. Evaluation of the Chemical and Biological Properties of Oil Extracted from Detoxified Rubber Tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) Kernels. Am. J. BioScience 2022, 10(6), 220-229. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16
AMA Style
Bamba Soualiho, Jean-Claude N'Guessan Yao, Kouadio Kouakou John, Kanate Losseyni, Adima Amissa Augustin. Evaluation of the Chemical and Biological Properties of Oil Extracted from Detoxified Rubber Tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) Kernels. Am J BioScience. 2022;10(6):220-229. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16
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author = {Bamba Soualiho and Jean-Claude N'Guessan Yao and Kouadio Kouakou John and Kanate Losseyni and Adima Amissa Augustin},
title = {Evaluation of the Chemical and Biological Properties of Oil Extracted from Detoxified Rubber Tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) Kernels},
journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {220-229},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20221006.16},
abstract = {The rubber kernel is rich in nutrients. But its toxicity due to hydrocyanic acid is a problem for its use in food. This bitter almond contains a high concentration of cyanide (2712.4 mg/kg). Its extracts are therefore declared not to comply with the recommendations of the food standards. However, the rubber plantations in Côte d'Ivoire provide a large quantity of seeds, and only 10% of these seeds are used to make plants. The remaining 90% is left in the plantations, which represents an annual production of about 75,000 to 100,000 tons of rubber seeds to be used in Ivorian rubber farming. It is in this context that the cyanogenetic study of the kernel was conducted. The evaluation of the total and free cyanide content of the extracts during operations such as: solar drying of the seeds and kernels in an oven, optimization of the biochemical hydrolysis of cyanoglycosides and roasting of the crushed material, made it possible to develop the present process for detoxifying the extracts from the kernel, particularly the oil and the cake. The residual hydrocyanic acid content decreased from 2712.4mg/kg to 0.38mg/kg (<35mg/Kg), as recommended by the standards for cyanogenic almonds. The rubber tree oil produced had an essential fatty acid profile of 30.9% omega 6 and 6.2% omega 3. And the study of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the oil produced was carried out with the aim of valorising the rubber seeds in the food and cosmetic field. The absence of deaths and clinical signs observed would indicate that the oil produced by this process is not toxic at the high dose of 2000mg/kg. Pc and at the dose of 5000mg/kg. Pc. Evaluation of chronic administration of the extract on relative organ weights and determination of biochemical parameters such as urea; creatine (CREA); alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity reveal that the oil does not contain toxic substances that would contribute to disrupting the integrity of liver tissue. The evaluation of the chemical and biological properties reveals that, after being detoxified into cyanides, rubber tree oil can be used in food or in cosmetics.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Chemical and Biological Properties of Oil Extracted from Detoxified Rubber Tree (Hevea Brasiliensis) Kernels AU - Bamba Soualiho AU - Jean-Claude N'Guessan Yao AU - Kouadio Kouakou John AU - Kanate Losseyni AU - Adima Amissa Augustin Y1 - 2022/12/23 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16 DO - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16 T2 - American Journal of BioScience JF - American Journal of BioScience JO - American Journal of BioScience SP - 220 EP - 229 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-0167 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20221006.16 AB - The rubber kernel is rich in nutrients. But its toxicity due to hydrocyanic acid is a problem for its use in food. This bitter almond contains a high concentration of cyanide (2712.4 mg/kg). Its extracts are therefore declared not to comply with the recommendations of the food standards. However, the rubber plantations in Côte d'Ivoire provide a large quantity of seeds, and only 10% of these seeds are used to make plants. The remaining 90% is left in the plantations, which represents an annual production of about 75,000 to 100,000 tons of rubber seeds to be used in Ivorian rubber farming. It is in this context that the cyanogenetic study of the kernel was conducted. The evaluation of the total and free cyanide content of the extracts during operations such as: solar drying of the seeds and kernels in an oven, optimization of the biochemical hydrolysis of cyanoglycosides and roasting of the crushed material, made it possible to develop the present process for detoxifying the extracts from the kernel, particularly the oil and the cake. The residual hydrocyanic acid content decreased from 2712.4mg/kg to 0.38mg/kg (<35mg/Kg), as recommended by the standards for cyanogenic almonds. The rubber tree oil produced had an essential fatty acid profile of 30.9% omega 6 and 6.2% omega 3. And the study of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the oil produced was carried out with the aim of valorising the rubber seeds in the food and cosmetic field. The absence of deaths and clinical signs observed would indicate that the oil produced by this process is not toxic at the high dose of 2000mg/kg. Pc and at the dose of 5000mg/kg. Pc. Evaluation of chronic administration of the extract on relative organ weights and determination of biochemical parameters such as urea; creatine (CREA); alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity reveal that the oil does not contain toxic substances that would contribute to disrupting the integrity of liver tissue. The evaluation of the chemical and biological properties reveals that, after being detoxified into cyanides, rubber tree oil can be used in food or in cosmetics. VL - 10 IS - 6 ER -
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